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The Hebrew word Shabbat comes from the Hebrew verb shavat, which literally means “to cease.” Although Shabbat (or its anglicized version, “Sabbath”) is almost universally translated as “rest” or a “period of rest,” a more literal translation would be “ceasing”, with the implication of “ceasing from work.” Thus, Shabbat is the day of ceasing from work; while resting is implied, it is not a necessary denotation of the word itself. For example, the Hebrew word for “strike” (as in work stoppage) is shevita, which comes from the same Hebrew root as Shabbat, and has the same implication, namely that the striking workers actively abstain from work, rather than passively.
Incidentally, this clarifies the often-asked theological question of why God needed to “rest” on the seventh day of Creation according to Genesis. When it is understood that God “ceased” from his labor rather than “rested” from his labour, the usage is more consistent with the Biblical view of an omnipotent God who does not “rest.”
A common linguistic confusion leads many to believe that the word means “seventh day.” Though the root for seven, or sheva, is similar in sound, it is derived from a different root word. Shabbat is the source for the English term Sabbath, and for the word in many languages meaning “Saturday”, such as the Arabic As-Sabt (السبت), the Armenian Shabat (Շաբաթ), the Persian shambe, Spanish and Portuguese Sábado , the Greek Savato, the Russian “subbota” (суббота) and the Italian word Sabato. It is also responsible for the word “sabbatical,” although that concept is also derived from the Jewish concept of the sabbatical year.
Observance of Shabbat is mentioned a number of times in the Torah, most notably as the fourth of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11 and Deuteronomy 5:12-15). Other instances are Exodus 31:12-17 and 35:2-3, Leviticus 19:3 and 30, 23:3 and Numbers 28:9-10 (the sacrifices). It is referred to directly by the prophets Isaiah (56:4,6) and Ezekiel (ch. 20, 22, 23) and Nehemiah 9:14, apart from numerous other allusions in the Jewish Bible.
Jewish law’s definition defines a day as ending at dusk and nightfall, which is when the next day then begins. Thus, Shabbat begins before sundown Friday night and ends at after nightfall Saturday night (traditionally, after three stars can be seen in the sky). The added time between sunset and nightfall on Saturday night owes to the ambiguous status of that part of the day according to Jewish law.
On occasions the word Shabbat can refer to the law of Shemittah (Sabbatical year) or to the Jewish holidays, or to a week of days, dependent on the context.
Lets all have a safe and secure Shabbat Shalom
www.jjudaica.com Team
Passover is a holiday that commemorates the time in history when the Jewish people were freed from slavery in the land of Egypt. The Jewish people were slaves, and they wanted to be free. The Pharaoh had decreed that all Jewish male babies were to be killed because he felt that the Jewish people were becoming too strong. One couple, Jocheved and Amran, decided to try to save their infant son. They put him in a basket, and floated him on the river. They sent their daughter, Miriam, to watch and make sure that someone rescued the baby from the river. The rescuer was Pharaoh’s daughter. She called him Moses, which means, take from the water, and she raised him as her own son. When he grew up, he had much empathy for the Jewish slaves, and when he found out that he was a Jew, he wanted to help his people. He tried to get the Pharaoh to free the Jewish slaves, but the Pharaoh refused. Moses had a special relationship with G-d.
There were 10 plagues sent down to Egypt, but still the Pharaoh would not let the Jews go. Finally, after the 10th plague, which was the slaying of the first born sons, he relented and said that the Jewish people could leave. They gathered up their belongings quickly, and didn’t have time for their bread to rise, so they had to bake it and take it the way it was. This is why the Jewish people eat matzah during Passover. As the Jews were fleeing, Pharaoh changed his mind, and sent his army after the people to bring them back. G-d parted the Red Sea for the Jews to cross, and as soon as they were safely to the other side, the waters closed on the soldiers, drowning them all. The Jewish people were saved.
The 10 Plagues are: Blood, Frogs, Lice, Beasts, Cattle Disease, Boils, Hail, Locusts, Darkness, Slaying of the Firstborn.
seder Passover is celebrated today in homes by having a seder. Seder means order, and we read the Passover story in a special order from the book called a haggadah. Haggadah means “to tell” and we tell the story of our ancestors, and remind ourselves that we are now a free people. There are different parts of the seder and during the seder, we eat traditional and symbolic foods that remind us of the Jewish people and their adversity. One of the things that we do is to dip a spring vegetable into salt water. The vegetable is a sign of spring, or rebirth, and the salt water represent the tears of the slaves. We eat bitter herbs, to remind us of the bitterness of slavery. We eat a special mixture, called Charoset, which is made of apples, nuts, wine, and cinnamon (although there are many different varieties of this, depending on where your ancestors lived) that reminds us of the mortar that the slaves made their bricks from.
The name Passover comes from when the Angel of Death passed over the homes of the Jews, because they had been forewarned, and had put lambs blood on their doors, so that death would spare their first born child. 
